British Columbia

BC PNP Latest Invitation Draws

British Columbia PNP issued 160 ITAs in Latest Invitation Draws

The latest invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BCPNP) on March 5, 2024, up to 160 skilled candidates received Invitations to Apply (ITAs) across various sectors including healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations. Details of the Latest Invitation Draws in BC PNP On March 5, 2024, the Government of British Columbia conducted new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP), extending Invitations to Apply (ITAs) to skilled candidates across diverse sectors. The draws encompassed both a general draw and targeted draws for specific occupations. In the general draw, British Columbia invited 54 candidates to apply. The minimum Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) score required for candidates to receive ITAs in this draw remained consistent at 99 points, mirroring the previous general draw. BC issued 32 ITAs to candidates specializing in early childhood education (NOC 42202), a vital sector for childcare. These candidates achieved a score of 70 points in the childcare-targeted draw, highlighting the province’s emphasis on supporting childcare professionals. British Columbia PNP Invitation Draws 2024 Moreover, in the healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia extended invitations to 39 candidates with a score of 70 points, recognizing the significance of healthcare professionals in the provincial workforce. Additionally, the construction sector received attention with 30 invitations issued to eligible candidates, showcasing the demand for skilled workers in this industry. Furthermore, British Columbia demonstrated its commitment to veterinary care by extending up to five invitations to candidates working in veterinary care occupations, underscoring the province’s holistic approach to addressing labor needs across various sectors. In total, the province issued up to 160 ITAs in this draw, offering skilled candidates the opportunity to pursue permanent residency in British Columbia. It’s worth noting that in 2023, British Columbia had already invited up to 2,006 candidates through its Provincial Nominee Program, highlighting the province’s continued efforts to attract skilled individuals and address labor shortages. Aspiring immigrants interested in relocating to British Columbia should stay updated on future invitation draws and eligibility requirements under the BCPNP to seize opportunities for permanent residency in this dynamic Canadian province. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “British Columbia PNP Issues 160 ITAs in Latest Invitation Draws” you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

BC PNP held new draws

BC PNP held new draws for skilled candidates and tech professionals

On February 27, 2024, the BC PNP held new draws reaffirmed its commitment to welcoming skilled professionals to the province by holding new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP). These draws targeted individuals across various sectors, including technology, healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations, reflecting the province’s diverse and evolving labor market needs. In the tech sector, British Columbia invited 90 candidates in the tech draw, underlining the province’s recognition of the crucial role technology plays in driving economic growth and innovation. Notably, candidates invited to this draw demonstrated a minimum score of 108 points, reflecting the stringent yet fair selection criteria set forth by the BC PNP. Addressing the critical need for early childhood educators, British Columbia issued 45 Invitations to Apply (ITAs) in the childcare-targeted draw, specifically targeting professionals in the field of early childhood education (NOC 42202). This move underscores the province’s dedication to supporting the development and well-being of its youngest citizens by ensuring access to quality childcare services. Moreover, recognizing the significance of a robust healthcare system, British Columbia extended invitations to 41 candidates in the Healthcare-targeted draw. These candidates, scoring a minimum of 65 points, represent vital contributors to the province’s healthcare landscape, playing essential roles in delivering quality medical services to British Columbians. In alignment with ongoing infrastructure development efforts, the province also issued 12 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector, reaffirming its commitment to fostering sustainable growth and development across various industries. Furthermore, highlighting the importance of animal welfare and care, up to five invitations were extended to candidates working in veterinary care occupations, underscoring British Columbia’s holistic approach to supporting diverse professions crucial for the well-being of both animals and communities. BC PNP Draws 2024 In total, British Columbia issued up to 193 ITAs in these draws, reflecting its proactive approach to talent acquisition and retention. Notably, this year alone, the province has already invited up to 1,846 candidates, signaling its continued efforts to attract skilled individuals who can contribute to the province’s economic prosperity and societal well-being. The BCPNP’s latest draws reaffirm British Columbia’s status as a welcoming destination for skilled professionals, offering ample opportunities for career growth, personal development, and community engagement. By strategically targeting key sectors and occupations, the province aims to build a resilient and dynamic workforce that can thrive in an increasingly competitive global landscape. As British Columbia continues to chart its path toward sustainable growth and prosperity, initiatives like these underscore the province’s commitment to harnessing talent from around the world and fostering an inclusive and thriving society for all residents. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “BC PNP held new draws for skilled candidates and tech professionals” you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

BC PNP Invitation Rounds

British Columbia issued up to 217 ITAs in the new BC PNP Invitation Rounds

On February 21, 2024, the Government of British Columbia held new BC PNP Invitation Rounds and issued invitations to apply to skilled candidates in the general draw and to candidates with work experience in healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  In the general draw, the province invited 69 candidates. The minimum score for candidates invited to this draw was 99 points.  BC issued 70 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  In the Healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia invited 41 candidates who scored 60 points.  The province also issued 32 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector. Furthermore, up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in veterinary care occupations.  British Columbia Invitation Draws 2024 In total, British Columbia issued up to 217 ITAs in this draw. This year, British Columbia has already invited up to 1,643 candidates. Targeted invitations to apply for Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – the level, field, and location where the education was completed. Eligible professional designations in British Columbia. Language skills. Occupation. The duration and level of work experience. The wage and/or skill level of the job offer. Intend to live, work, and settle in a specific area. Strategic priorities are factors that address specific labor market needs in British Columbia or provide support for government pilot projects and initiatives. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “British Columbia issued up to 217 ITAs in the new BC PNP Invitation Rounds” you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

6th BC PNP draw of 2024

In the 6th BC PNP draw of 2024 British Columbia issued up to 204 invitations

In the 6th BC PNP draw of 2024 British Columbia invited skilled candidates and tech professionals On February 13, 2024, the Government of British Columbia held new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP) and issued invitations to apply to qualified candidates in tech, healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  Details of the 6th BC PNP draw of 2024 Tech Draw: In the tech draw, the province invited 77 candidates. The minimum score for candidates invited to this draw was 108 points.  Childcare-targeted draw: BC issued 54 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  Healthcare-targeted draw: British Columbia invited 41 candidates who scored 60 points in the Healthcare-targeted draw.  Construction sector invitations: The province also issued 27 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector.  Veterinary care invitations: up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in veterinary care occupations.  British Columbia issued up to 204 ITAs in the sixth draw of 2024. This year, the province has already invited up to 1,426 candidates. British Columbia’s sixth draw of 2024 reaffirms its status as a welcoming destination for skilled immigrants across various sectors. By strategically targeting occupations and issuing many invitations, the province aims to address labor market needs and foster economic prosperity. As British Columbia remains committed to immigration, prospective candidates can look forward to further opportunities to contribute to the province’s vibrant communities and thriving economy. Targeted invitations to apply for Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – the level, field, and location where the education was completed. Eligible professional designations in British Columbia. Language skills. Occupation. The length and level of work experience. Salary and/or skill level of job offer. Intend to live, work, and settle in a specific area. Strategic priorities are factors that address specific labor market needs in British Columbia or provide support for government pilot projects and initiatives. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “British Columbia issued up to 204 candidates in the 6th draw of 2024″ you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

British Columbia invited

British Columbia invited up to 218 skilled candidates under the BC PNP

On February 6, 2024, the Government of British Columbia invited skilled candidates in the new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BCPNP) and issued invitations to apply to qualified and skilled candidates with work experience in healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  In the general draw, the province invited 102 candidates. The minimum score for candidates invited to this draw was 97 points. BC issued 46 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  In the Healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia invited 39 candidates who scored 60 points. The province also issued 26 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector.  Furthermore, up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in veterinary care occupations. In total, British Columbia issued up to 218 ITAs in this draw. This year, British Columbia has already invited up to 1,222 candidates. Targeted invitations to apply for Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – the level, field, and place where the education was completed. Eligible professional designations in British Columbia. Language skills. Occupation. The duration and level of work experience. Salary or skill level of job offer. They intend to live, work, and settle in a specific region. Strategic priorities are factors that address specific labor market needs in British Columbia or offer support for government pilot projects and initiatives. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “BC invited up to 218 skilled candidates under the BC PNP” you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

fourth BC PNP draw of 2024

British Columbia issued up to 199 ITAs in the fourth BC PNP draw of 2024

British Columbia issued up to 199 ITAs in the fourth BC PNP draw of 2024 On January 30, 2024, the Government of British Columbia held new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP) and issued invitations to apply to qualified candidates in tech, healthcare, and childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  Details of the fourth BC PNP draw of 2024 In the tech draw, the province invited 89 candidates. The minimum score for candidates invited to this draw was 103 points.  BC issued 49 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  In the Healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia invited 27 candidates who scored 60 points.  The province also issued 29 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector.  Furthermore, up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in veterinary care occupations.  British Columbia issued up to 199 ITAs in the fourth draw of 2024. This year, the province has already invited up to 1,004 candidates. Find out! If you are eligible for the British Columbia PNP Targeted invitations to apply to the Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – level, and field of education and where it was completed Eligible professional designations in B.C. Language skills Occupation Duration and skill level of work experience Wage and/or skill level of job offer Intent to live, work, and settle in a specific region Strategic priorities – factors that address specific labor market needs in B.C. or support government pilot projects and initiatives Priority Construction Occupations 22114 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists  72102 Sheet metal workers 72103 Boilermakers 72104 Structural metal and plate work fabricators and fitters 72105 Ironworkers 72106 Welders and related machine operators 72200 Electricians (except industrial and power system) 72201 Industrial electricians 72300 Plumbers 72301 Steamfitters, pipefitters, and sprinkler system installers 72302 Gas fitters 72310 Carpenters 72311 Cabinetmakers 72320 Bricklayers 72400 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics 72401 Heavy-duty equipment mechanics 72402 Heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning mechanics 72500 Crane operators 73100 Concrete finishers 73101 Tilesetters 73102 Plasterers, drywall installers finishers and lathers 73110 Roofers and Shinglers 73111 Glaziers 73112 Painters and decorators (except interior decorators) 73113 Floor covering installers Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about “British Columbia issued up to 199 ITAs in the fourth BC PNP draw of 2024″ you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

new invitation rounds

BC held new invitation rounds & Invited over 220 candidates

On January 23, 2024, the Government of British Columbia held new invitation rounds under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP) and issued invitations to apply to qualified candidates in healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  In the general draw, the province invited 79 candidates. The minimum score for candidates in this draw was 98 points. BC issued 66 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  In the Healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia invited 36 candidates who scored 60 points. The province also issued 34 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector. Furthermore, up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in veterinary care occupations. Jobs in veterinary care with the most priority are:  31103 veterinarians and  32104 veterinary technicians and animal health technologists. British Columbia PNP Draws in 2023 to Date In total, British Columbia issued up to 220 ITAs in this draw. This year, British Columbia has already invited up to 805 candidates. Targeted invitations to apply to the Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – level, and field of education and where it was completed Eligible professional designations in B.C. Language skills Occupation Duration and skill level of work experience Wage and/or skill level of job offer Intent to live, work, and settle in a specific region Strategic priorities – factors that address specific labor market needs in B.C. or support government pilot projects and initiatives Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about the “British Columbia held new invitation rounds and Invited over 220 candidates under the BC PNP” you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

first entrepreneur draws

BC invited new business candidates under the first entrepreneur draws

On January 16, 2024, British Columbia held the first entrepreneur draws for business candidates of a year under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP).  BC PNP invited up to five candidates in the Base Category of the Entrepreneur Stream. The lowest score of this round was 116 points, the same as in the previous draw.  In addition, the province invited fewer than five candidates in the Entrepreneur Immigration – Regional Pilot category with a minimum score of 135.  The maximum points in the Entrepreneur Stream grid are 200. Candidates can get 120 points for self-declared factors such as Experience & Ownership, Net Worth, Investment, etc. Another 80 points are given for the business concept. Last year, British Columbia invited up to 89 entrepreneurs under the BCPNP. Targeted invitations to apply for the EI Base stream may be based on one or more of the following: The qualified candidate’s registration score. The specific region in which a candidate plans to start a business. The population of the community in which the candidate intends to open a business. Whether the proposed business is a start-up or a purchase of an existing business. Whether the business proposal aligns with the identified priority business sectors. 2023 British Columbia Entrepreneur draws 32 invitations were sent out in the most recent BC PNP Entrepreneur Immigration draw, which was held on December 17. 24 invites were sent to candidates who met the minimum score requirement of 118 points for the general category. Eight invitations were sent out to Regional Pilot candidates, who had to score at least 112 points. Complete details for BC PNP Draws can be found here. British Columbia Entrepreneur Category One of the streams of the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BC PNP), a Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) run by the British Columbian government, is the British Columbia Entrepreneur stream. The target group for this initiative is senior business managers or seasoned business owner-managers who wish to move to British Columbia. Those selected will need to start a new company or purchase an established one where they will handle day-to-day operations. The entrepreneur may be nominated for permanent resident status after running the business for at least 550 days. Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about the “British Columbia invited new business candidates under the first entrepreneur draws“ you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

new invitation

The BC held new invitation draws and invited over 198 Candidates

On January 16, 2024, the Government of British Columbia held new invitation draws under the British Columbia Provincial Nominee Program (BCPNP) and issued invitations to apply to qualified candidates in tech, healthcare, childcare, construction, and veterinary care occupations.  In the tech draw, the province invited 91 candidates. The minimum score for candidates invited to this draw was 103 points.  BC issued 53 ITAs to candidates under the childcare-targeted draw for early childhood educators (NOC 42202).  In the Healthcare-targeted draw, British Columbia invited 29 candidates who scored 60 points.  The province also issued 20 invitations to candidates working in the construction sector.  Furthermore, up to five invitations have been issued to candidates working in other priority occupations (NOCs 31103, 32104).  In total, British Columbia issued up to 198 ITAs in the second draw of 2024. This year, British Columbia has already invited up to 585 candidates. Targeted invitations to apply to the Skills Immigration streams may be based on one or more of the following factors: Education – level, and field of education and where it was completed Eligible professional designations in B.C. Language skills Occupation Duration and skill level of work experience Wage and/or skill level of job offer Intent to live, work, and settle in a specific region Strategic priorities – factors that address specific labor market needs in B.C. or support government pilot projects and initiatives Priority construction occupations: 22114 Landscape and horticulture technicians and specialists  72102 Sheet metal workers 72103 Boilermakers 72104 Structural metal and plate work fabricators and fitters 72105 Ironworkers 72106 Welders and related machine operators 72200 Electricians (except industrial and power system) 72201 Industrial electricians 72300 Plumbers 72301 Steamfitters, pipefitters, and sprinkler system installers 72302 Gas fitters 72310 Carpenters 72311 Cabinetmakers 72320 Bricklayers 72400 Construction millwrights and industrial mechanics 72401 Heavy-duty equipment mechanics 72402 Heating, refrigeration, and air conditioning mechanics 72500 Crane operators 73100 Concrete finishers 73101 Tilesetters 73102 Plasterers, drywall installers finishers, and lathers 73110 Roofers and Shinglers 73111 Glaziers 73112 Painters and decorators (except interior decorators) 73113 Floor covering installers Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about the “The British Columbia PNP invited up to 198 tech professionals and skilled candidates“ you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates

Ontario Alberta and British Columbia

PNP candidates in Ontario Alberta and British Columbia earn the highest income

A Statistics Canada report reveals that Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) newcomers earn more in Ontario Alberta and British Columbia, whereas lower earnings are observed in Atlantic Canada, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan. The disparity is attributed to local unemployment rates and individual characteristics like education, pre-landing Canadian work experience, and language skills.  PNP candidates can earn extra money in British Columbia, Alberta, and Ontario after they move to Canada and live there for about two years. This suggests that initially in 2020, the three Canadian provinces saw an increase in the following earnings: $59,600 in Ontario $54,200 in Alberta $58,100 in British Columbia Find out! If you are eligible for the PNP The report also highlights that economic immigrants’ earnings vary based on their immigration program, with higher earnings for the Express Entry Federal Skilled Worker Program (FSWP) and Canadian Experience Class (CEC) candidates since 2005 due to education, language ability, and age. The Comprehensive Ranking System (CRS) scores for FSWP and CEC candidates were higher, indicating their potential for skilled work and higher earnings. An applicant with a high CRS score may have desirable human capital qualities when they immigrate to Canada. As a result, they have a better chance than other applicants of getting a skilled job at a higher salary. Candidates in some PNP streams, such as those aimed at entry-level and semi-skilled candidates, may not need the same degree of education or work experience to immigrate. The PNP does not use the CRS for candidates who are not already Express Entry candidates. 2023 PNP Draws  After 2015, when Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) initially revealed the Express Entry application management system, significant modifications were noticed. The Provincial Nominee Program (PNP) The province governments of Canada manage the Provincial Nominee Program (PNP), an economic immigration route leading to permanent residence. The Immigration and Refugees Protection Act (IRPA) states that immigration is a shared responsibility of the federal and provincial governments, which makes this possible. Due to their in-demand human capital attributes, immigration candidates who best fit local labor force needs can be chosen by provincial governments thanks to the PNP. The province has nominated these individuals, strengthening the application for permanent residence when sent to the IRCC. In its yearly Immigration Levels Plan, the IRCC sets PNP immigration targets for each year. In 2024, Canada will admit 110,000 new permanent residents through the PNP and 120,000 each year in both 2025 and 2026.  Join our RSS Feed    If you want to know more details about the “PNP candidates in Ontario, Alberta, and British Columbia earn the highest income“ you can contact one of our immigration specialists at  Gunness & Associates.   Tel: (416) 604-2669  Email: info@test.immigrationmatters.info   Gunness & Associates has helped thousands of people successfully immigrate to Canada with their families. Our skilled and experienced immigration experts have the expertise to accurately examine your case and advise you on the best method of proceeding to serve your needs.   For honest and straightforward advice, contact the experts at Gunness & Associates Get a free Assessment  Join our newsletter and get up-to-date immigration news Click here All rights reserved ©2023 Gunness & Associates